10.17528/CIFOR/DATA.00330 Swail, E.(Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)) Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 2026 This dataset contains monthly field measurements collected from permanent soil collars, fertilization experiments, and litterfall traps established in forest and oil palm ecosystems in Jambi, Indonesia. The data were generated to evaluate the spatio-temporal variability of soil respiration and litterfall dynamics across a land-use change gradient, ranging from primary forest to degraded forest and oil palm plantations. The dataset includes repeated measurements of soil CO₂ flux, litterfall production, soil temperature, air temperature, water table depth, and associated experimental treatment variables. Measurements were collected using LiCOR instrumentation and replicated across spatial positions and time periods to capture environmental heterogeneity and temporal dynamics. CIFOR-RDM(Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR))Center for International Forestry Research